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Erbium vs Uranium

Erbium
Uranium
Uranium vs Erbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Er   
U   
Group Number
Not Available   
0   
18
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440520   
35
7440611   
28
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Cmcm   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
63.00   
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
  • Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
  
Sources
Mining   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander   
Not Available   
Discovery
In 1842   
In 1789   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
2 * 10-8 %   
29
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
32
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
  • The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
  • Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C   
28
1,132.00 °C   
39
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C   
99+
3,818.00 °C   
16
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa   
11
2,350.00 MPa   
2
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa   
19
1,960.00 MPa   
2
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s   
28
3,155.00 m/s   
25
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Er   
U   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24   
36
1.38   
28
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.22   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76   
18
2.62   
26
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol   
99+
597.60 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,420.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
3,145.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr   
28
1.48 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.63 eV   
30
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
68   
99+
92   
26
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2   
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Uranium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
68   
99+
92   
26
Number of Neutrons
99   
33
146   
13
Number of Electrons
68   
99+
92   
26
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm   
19
196.00 pm   
14
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
186.00 pm   
33
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu   
99+
238.03 amu   
21
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol   
25
12.59 cm3/mol   
40
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Holmium
  
Protactinium
  
Next Element
Thulium
  
Neptunium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)   
29
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm   
39
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3   
99+
19.10 g/cm3   
17
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3   
23
17.30 g/cm3   
7
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
20
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.01 (Pa)   
20
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa   
25
111.00 GPa   
10
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa   
27
100.00 GPa   
16
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa   
29
208.00 GPa   
10
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
28
0.23   
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.07   
32
18.80   
10
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m   
99+
0.28 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.04 106/cm Ω   
37
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)   
34
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K   
11
27.67 J/mol·K   
15
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K   
99+
27.50 W/m·K   
40
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)   
31
13.90 µm/(m·K)   
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol   
35
477.00 kJ/mol   
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol   
15
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol   
33
489.50 kJ/mol   
14
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K   
11
50.20 J/mol.K   
31
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