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Erbium vs Aluminium

Erbium
Aluminium
Aluminium vs Erbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Er  
Al  
Group Number
Not Available  
13  
5
Period Number
6  
3  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440520  
35
7429905  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
Sources
Mining  
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Hans Christian Oersted  
Discovery
In 1842  
In 1825  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %  
22
5 * 10-3 %  
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %  
26
~0.006 %  
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.91 %  
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
32
8.10 %  
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
6
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
Not Available  
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3  
9
In Bone
Not Available  
27.00 p.p.m.  
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C  
28
660.37 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C  
99+
2,467.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
2.75  
13
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa  
11
160.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa  
19
160.00 MPa  
35
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s  
28
5,000.00 m/s  
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available  
71.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Er  
Al  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
11  
27
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24  
36
1.61  
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.71  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
29
1.47  
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.83  
8
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.61  
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76  
18
2.39  
32
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
577.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol  
19
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,744.80 kJ/mol  
38
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
33
11,577.00 kJ/mol  
3
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
14,842.00 kJ/mol  
2
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
18,379.00 kJ/mol  
2
7th Energy level
Not Available  
23,326.00 kJ/mol  
2
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
27,465.00 kJ/mol  
2
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
31,853.00 kJ/mol  
2
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
38,473.00 kJ/mol  
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
42,647.00 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr  
28
0.34 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
4.28 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
68  
99+
13  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2  
[Ne] 3s2 3p1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
68  
99+
13  
99+
Number of Neutrons
99  
33
14  
99+
Number of Electrons
68  
99+
13  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
18
143.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm  
19
121.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available  
184.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu  
99+
26.98 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol  
25
10.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Holmium
  
Magnesium
  
Next Element
Thulium
  
Potassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)  
29
80.70 (-eV)  
17
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm  
39
404.95 pm  
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
17
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3  
99+
2.70 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3  
23
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
40.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
20
0.00 (Pa)  
18
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa  
25
26.00 GPa  
29
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa  
27
76.00 GPa  
18
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa  
29
70.00 GPa  
28
Poisson Ratio
0.24  
28
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.07  
32
2.72  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
Not Available  
0.00 H/m  
4
Susceptibility
Not Available  
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m  
99+
28.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.38 106/cm Ω  
4
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
42.50 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)  
34
0.90 J/(kg K)  
5
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K  
11
24.20 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K  
99+
237.00 W/m·K  
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)  
31
23.10 µm/(m·K)  
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol  
35
293.70 kJ/mol  
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol  
15
10.67 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol  
33
322.20 kJ/mol  
31
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K  
11
28.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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