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Erbium vs Potassium

Erbium
Potassium
Potassium vs Erbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Er   
K   
Group Number
Not Available   
1   
17
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440520   
35
7440097   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
Sources
Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In 1842   
In 1807   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
0.07 %   
9
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
32
1.50 %   
6
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
36
0.04 %   
3
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.20 %   
2
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
2
In Bone
Not Available   
2,100.00 p.p.m.   
3
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C   
28
63.65 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C   
99+
774.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Lustrous   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
0.40   
23
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa   
11
0.36 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa   
19
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s   
28
2,000.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Er   
K   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24   
36
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.45   
31
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
0.91   
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.73   
23
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.73   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76   
18
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol   
99+
418.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,052.00 kJ/mol   
5
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,420.00 kJ/mol   
8
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
5,877.00 kJ/mol   
9
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,975.00 kJ/mol   
8
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,590.00 kJ/mol   
13
7th Energy level
Not Available   
11,343.00 kJ/mol   
17
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,944.00 kJ/mol   
13
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,963.70 kJ/mol   
15
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
48,610.00 kJ/mol   
3
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
54,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
60,730.00 kJ/mol   
4
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
68,950.00 kJ/mol   
4
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
75,900.00 kJ/mol   
5
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
83,080.00 kJ/mol   
6
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
99,710.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr   
28
1.46 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.30 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
68   
99+
19   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2   
[Ar] 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
68   
99+
19   
99+
Number of Neutrons
99   
33
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
68   
99+
19   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
227.00 pm   
3
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm   
19
203.00 pm   
9
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
275.00 pm   
5
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu   
99+
39.10 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol   
25
45.46 cm3/mol   
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Holmium
  
Aluminium
  
Next Element
Thulium
  
Calcium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)   
29
10.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm   
39
532.80 pm   
12
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3   
99+
0.86 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3   
23
0.83 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
20
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa   
25
1.30 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa   
27
3.10 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa   
29
3.53 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
28
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.07   
32
0.86   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m   
99+
72.00 nΩ·m   
37
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω   
14
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
48.40 kJ/mol   
22
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)   
34
0.75 J/(kg K)   
6
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K   
11
29.60 J/mol·K   
6
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K   
99+
102.50 W/m·K   
15
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,223.00 K   
3
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)   
31
83.30 µm/(m·K)   
3
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol   
35
77.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol   
15
2.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol   
33
89.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K   
11
64.70 J/mol.K   
18
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