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Europium vs Cobalt

Europium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu  
Co  
Group Number
Not Available  
9  
9
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440531  
34
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1896  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %  
27
3 * 10-4 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %  
27
~0.0004 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
Not Available  
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
Not Available  
0.04 p.p.m.  
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C  
99+
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C  
99+
2,870.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
470.00 MPa  
26
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa  
34
1,043.00 MPa  
11
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
4,720.00 m/s  
14
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available  
67.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
39
1.88  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01  
22
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.70  
5
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.84  
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available  
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
31
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
33
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
19
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
12
7th Energy level
Not Available  
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available  
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available  
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available  
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available  
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available  
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available  
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available  
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available  
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available  
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available  
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available  
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr  
33
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV  
99+
5.00 eV  
5
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
89  
38
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
63  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
14
147.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm  
13
160.00 pm  
30
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm  
18
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol  
8
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)  
35
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm  
17
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3  
99+
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3  
99+
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
15
434.00 MPa  
9
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)  
4
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa  
99+
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa  
99+
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa  
99+
116.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.15  
34
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24  
99+
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m  
99+
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
7.60 kJ/mol  
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
33
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K  
16
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K  
99+
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)  
8
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol  
37
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
468.60 kJ/mol  
15
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K  
4
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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