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Europium vs Mercury

Europium
Mercury
Mercury vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu  
Hg  
Group Number
3  
15
12  
6
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440531  
34
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
Europium is used in Euro banknotes for security features.  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
In 1896  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.09 %  
2
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
0.05 %  
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
Physical
Melting Point
822.00 °C  
99+
-38.83 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C  
99+
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Lustrous  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
5.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
0.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
6,320.00 m/s  
4
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.83  
19
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
73.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Eu  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
40
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01  
99+
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20  
39
1.81  
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.20  
99+
1.44  
34
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
16th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
18th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
20th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
21st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
22nd Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
23rd Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
24th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
25th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
26th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
27th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
28th Energy Level
580.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
29th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
30th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr  
37
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV  
99+
4.49 eV  
20
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
63  
99+
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63  
99+
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
89  
39
121  
23
Number of Electrons
63  
99+
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm  
13
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm  
22
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu  
99+
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol  
11
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)  
36
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm  
19
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
0.42  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3  
99+
13.53 g/cm3  
25
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3  
99+
13.55 g/cm3  
27
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
4
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa  
99+
25.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa  
99+
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.15  
35
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24  
99+
13.53  
27
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
15
0.00  
20
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m  
99+
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K  
19
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K  
99+
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,099.00 K  
99+
1,750.00 K  
33
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)  
8
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol  
99+
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol  
99+
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K  
4
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
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