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Europium vs Mercury

Europium
Mercury
Mercury vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu   
Hg   
Group Number
Not Available   
12   
6
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440531   
34
7439976   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay   
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Discovery
In 1896   
Before 2000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %   
27
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
36
0.05 %   
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
In Bone
Not Available   
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C   
99+
Not Available   
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C   
99+
356.58 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Liquid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Lustrous   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa   
34
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
3
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu   
Hg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01   
22
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.81   
9
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.44   
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol   
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr   
33
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV   
99+
4.49 eV   
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63   
99+
80   
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63   
99+
80   
36
Number of Neutrons
89   
38
121   
22
Number of Electrons
63   
99+
80   
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm   
18
155.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu   
99+
200.59 amu   
32
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol   
8
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)   
35
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm   
17
300.50 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3   
99+
13.53 g/cm3   
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
0.00   
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)   
4
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.15   
34
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24   
99+
13.53   
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m   
99+
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K   
16
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K   
99+
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
1,750.00 K   
6
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)   
8
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol   
99+
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol   
37
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K   
4
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
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