Europium vs Scandium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu
Sc
Group Number
Not Available
3
15
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440531
34
7440202
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Discovery
In 1896
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
3 * 10-6 %
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %
27
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
- It is used in low energy light bulbs.
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
- Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C
99+
1,539.00 °C
24
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C
99+
2,832.00 °C
35
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
Lustrous
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
750.00 MPa
12
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa
34
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu
Sc
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
13
26
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20
39
1.36
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01
22
1.02
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
1.20
27
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.19
36
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.64
25
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol
99+
633.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
7,090.60 kJ/mol
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available
8,843.00 kJ/mol
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,679.00 kJ/mol
7
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,310.00 kJ/mol
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,250.00 kJ/mol
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available
17,370.00 kJ/mol
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available
21,726.00 kJ/mol
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available
24,102.00 kJ/mol
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available
66,320.00 kJ/mol
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available
73,010.00 kJ/mol
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available
80,160.00 kJ/mol
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available
89,490.00 kJ/mol
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available
97,400.00 kJ/mol
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available
105,600.00 kJ/mol
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available
117,000.00 kJ/mol
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available
124,270.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr
33
0.56 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV
99+
3.50 eV
31
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63
99+
21
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
63
99+
21
99+
Number of Neutrons
89
38
24
99+
Number of Electrons
63
99+
21
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
162.00 pm
26
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm
13
170.00 pm
25
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm
18
211.00 pm
25
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu
99+
44.96 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol
8
15.00 cm3/mol
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)
35
58.00 (-eV)
24
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm
17
330.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.59
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3
99+
2.99 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3
99+
2.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)
4
0.00 (Pa)
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
91.30 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa
99+
29.10 GPa
24
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa
99+
56.60 GPa
21
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa
99+
74.40 GPa
26
Poisson Ratio
0.15
34
0.28
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.24
99+
2.99
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m
99+
562.00 nΩ·m
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
18.10 kJ/mol
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.60 J/(kg K)
8
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K
16
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K
99+
15.80 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)
8
10.20 µm/(m·K)
39
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol
99+
314.20 kJ/mol
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol
37
14.10 kJ/mol
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
343.00 kJ/mol
28
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K
4
34.60 J/mol.K
99+
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