Gadolinium Gold Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Gd
Au
Group Number
0
18
11
7
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440542
33
7440575
31
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Unknown
Discovery
In 1880
Before 6000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
30
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
In Bone
Not Available
0.02 p.p.m.
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C
35
1,064.43 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C
25
2,807.00 °C
36
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gold
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
194.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa
22
216.00 MPa
31
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s
34
2,030.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
95.00 %
2
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Gd
Au
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20
39
2.54
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11
29
1.42
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.87
7
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.92
5
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80
15
1.46
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol
99+
890.10 kJ/mol
8
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol
30
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr
32
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV
35
5.10 eV
4
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
64
99+
79
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
64
99+
79
37
Number of Neutrons
93
37
118
23
Number of Electrons
64
99+
79
37
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm
14
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm
15
166.00 pm
39
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
99+
196.97 amu
33
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol
20
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)
34
43.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
363.60 pm
32
407.82 pm
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
9
1.61
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3
99+
19.30 g/cm3
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm3
31
17.31 g/cm3
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available
120.00 MPa
15
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
30
0.00 (Pa)
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)
9
67.00 (Pa)
4
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa
33
27.00 GPa
27
Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa
34
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa
35
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
0.26
23
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.90
40
19.32
8
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m
99+
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K
2
25.42 J/mol·K
40
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K
99+
318.00 W/m·K
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol
21
324.40 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol
36
12.55 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol
27
364.00 kJ/mol
25
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K
16
47.40 J/mol.K
32
|
||
|
||
|
|
||
|
||
|