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Gold vs Lanthanum

Gold
Lanthanum
Lanthanum vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
La  
Group Number
11  
7
3  
15
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7439910  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In 1838  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
32
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
0.08 p.p.m.  
29
Physical
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
920.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
37
3,469.00 °C  
19
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
99+
360.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
2,475.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.47  
99+
1.80  
22
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Au  
La  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
2
1.10  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
1.10  
38
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.08  
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
15
1.10  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
7
1.10  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
2.90  
10
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,067.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
1,850.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4,819.00 kJ/mol  
32
5th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
5,940.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
53,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
53,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
25
24th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
1.73 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
8
3.50 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
79  
37
57  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Xe] 5d2 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
57  
99+
Number of Neutrons
118  
24
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
79  
37
57  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
187.00 pm  
10
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
207.00 pm  
6
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
99+
240.00 pm  
17
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
138.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
20.73 cm3/mol  
26
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Barium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Cerium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
40.71 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
24
377.20 pm  
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.62  
16
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
6.16 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
16
5.94 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
45.00 MPa  
40
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
0.98 (Pa)  
15
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
14.30 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
27.90 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
36.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
17
6.17  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
22
0.00  
25
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
615.00 nΩ·m  
7
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
48.00 kJ/mol  
28
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
27.11 J/mol·K  
27
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
13.40 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,337.00 K  
99+
1,193.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
399.60 kJ/mol  
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
6.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
431.00 kJ/mol  
21
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
56.90 J/mol.K  
31
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