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Lanthanum vs Gold

Lanthanum
Gold
Gold vs Lanthanum


Periodic Table
Symbol
La   
Au   
Group Number
Not Available   
11   
7
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439910   
99+
7440575   
31
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1838   
Before 6000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
32
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
29
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.   
24
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
920.00 °C   
99+
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C   
18
2,807.00 °C   
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gold   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa   
30
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa   
26
216.00 MPa   
31
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s   
37
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
La   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10   
99+
2.54   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90   
10
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol   
99+
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol   
22
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol   
25
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV   
31
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
57   
99+
79   
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
57   
99+
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
118   
23
Number of Electrons
57   
99+
79   
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm   
8
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm   
6
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm   
13
166.00 pm   
39
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu   
99+
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol   
16
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Barium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Cerium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)   
99+
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm   
28
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62   
2
1.61   
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3   
99+
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3   
99+
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
15
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa   
40
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa   
99+
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa   
99+
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.17   
99+
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m   
7
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol   
23
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
21
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K   
99+
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)   
32
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol   
17
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol   
99+
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol   
16
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K   
23
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
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