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Lanthanum vs Copper

Lanthanum
Copper
Copper vs Lanthanum


Periodic Table
Symbol
La  
Cu  
Group Number
Not Available  
11  
7
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439910  
99+
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Unknown  
Discovery
In 1838  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %  
22
6 * 10-6 %  
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %  
25
~0.00007 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
32
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
19
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
Not Available  
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.  
24
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
920.00 °C  
99+
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C  
18
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Copper  
Luster
NA  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
14
3.00  
12
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa  
30
235.00 MPa  
38
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa  
26
343.00 MPa  
28
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s  
37
3,810.00 m/s  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available  
90.00 %  
3
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
La  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.90  
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.98  
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08  
31
1.75  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.49  
14
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.85  
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90  
10
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol  
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol  
22
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
12
5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol  
25
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
7th Energy level
Not Available  
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available  
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available  
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available  
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available  
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available  
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available  
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available  
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available  
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available  
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available  
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available  
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV  
31
4.65 eV  
11
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
57  
99+
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
57  
99+
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
57  
99+
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm  
8
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm  
6
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm  
13
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu  
99+
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol  
16
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Barium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Cerium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)  
99+
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm  
28
361.49 pm  
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
2
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3  
99+
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3  
99+
8.02 g/cm3  
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
15
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa  
40
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa  
99+
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa  
99+
120.00 GPa  
17
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.17  
99+
8.89  
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
Not Available  
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m  
5
Susceptibility
Not Available  
-9.63 * 10-6  
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m  
7
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol  
23
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
32
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
21
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K  
99+
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
32
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol  
17
283.70 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol  
99+
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol  
16
338.90 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K  
23
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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