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Gadolinium vs Aluminium


Aluminium vs Gadolinium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Gd   
Al   

Group Number
0   
18
13   
5

Period Number
6   
3   

Block
f block   
p block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   

CAS Number
7440542   
33
7429905   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Hans Christian Oersted   

Discovery
In 1880   
In 1825   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
5 * 10-3 %   
5

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.006 %   
5

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
34
0.91 %   
5

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
30
8.10 %   
1

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
6

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
10

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9

In Bone
Not Available   
27.00 p.p.m.   
11

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,311.00 °C   
35
660.37 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C   
25
2,467.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.75   
13

Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
160.00 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa   
22
160.00 MPa   
35

Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
5,000.00 m/s   
10

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
71.00 %   
10

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Gd   
Al   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
26   
13
11   
27

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
1.61   
22

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.71   
13

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.47   
14

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.83   
8

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.61   
20

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.80   
15
2.39   
32

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19

3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38

4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2

7th Energy level
Not Available   
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
4.28 eV   
19

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
64   
99+
13   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2   
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
64   
99+
13   
99+

Number of Neutrons
93   
37
14   
99+

Number of Electrons
64   
99+
13   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
143.00 pm   
37

Covalent Radius
196.00 pm   
14
121.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
184.00 pm   
34

Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
26.98 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Europium
  
Magnesium
  

Next Element
Terbium
  
Potassium
  

Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)   
34
80.70 (-eV)   
17

Lattice Constant
363.60 pm   
32
404.95 pm   
22

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
9
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3   
99+
2.70 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm3   
31
2.38 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
40.00 MPa   
19

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
30
0.00 (Pa)   
18

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)   
9
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa   
33
26.00 GPa   
29

Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa   
34
76.00 GPa   
18

Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa   
35
70.00 GPa   
28

Poisson Ratio
0.26   
23
0.35   
9

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
7.90   
40
2.72   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
4

Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
3

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m   
99+
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
42.50 kJ/mol   
26

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5

Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K   
2
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K   
99+
237.00 W/m·K   
4

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol   
21
293.70 kJ/mol   
31

Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol   
36
10.67 kJ/mol   
35

Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol   
27
322.20 kJ/mol   
31

Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K   
16
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+

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