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Gadolinium vs Manganese

Gadolinium
Manganese
Manganese vs Gadolinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Gd   
Mn   
Group Number
0   
18
7   
11
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440542   
33
7439965   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
I_ 43m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
217.00   
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Johann Gottlieb Gahn   
Discovery
In 1880   
In 1774   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
8 * 10-4 %   
8
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.001 %   
8
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
34
0.27 %   
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
30
0.11 %   
8
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
13
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
14
In Bone
Not Available   
100.00 p.p.m.   
8
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C   
35
1,245.00 °C   
37
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C   
25
1,962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
196.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa   
22
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
5,150.00 m/s   
7
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Gd   
Mn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
1.55   
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.60   
9
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.75   
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80   
15
2.45   
29
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
717.30 kJ/mol   
30
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,509.00 kJ/mol   
39
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,248.00 kJ/mol   
21
4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
4,940.00 kJ/mol   
20
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,990.00 kJ/mol   
17
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,220.00 kJ/mol   
16
7th Energy level
Not Available   
11,500.00 kJ/mol   
16
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,770.00 kJ/mol   
5
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,400.00 kJ/mol   
6
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
23,960.00 kJ/mol   
9
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,590.00 kJ/mol   
10
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
30,330.00 kJ/mol   
10
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
33,150.00 kJ/mol   
11
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,880.00 kJ/mol   
10
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
41,987.00 kJ/mol   
13
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
109,480.00 kJ/mol   
1
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
118,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
138,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,500.00 kJ/mol   
6
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
158,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
172,500.00 kJ/mol   
5
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
181,380.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
0.29 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
4.10 eV   
25
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
64   
99+
25   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2   
[Ar] 3d5 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
64   
99+
25   
99+
Number of Neutrons
93   
37
30   
99+
Number of Electrons
64   
99+
25   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
127.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm   
14
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
54.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
1.39 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Europium
  
Chromium
  
Next Element
Terbium
  
Iron
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)   
34
220.00 (-eV)   
2
Lattice Constant
363.60 pm   
32
891.25 pm   
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
9
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3   
99+
7.21 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm3   
31
5.95 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
30
0.00 (Pa)   
12
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)   
9
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa   
33
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa   
34
120.00 GPa   
14
Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa   
35
198.00 GPa   
12
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
23
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.90   
40
7.21   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m   
99+
1.44 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.48 J/(kg K)   
11
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K   
2
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K   
99+
7.81 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
21.70 µm/(m·K)   
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol   
21
219.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol   
36
14.64 kJ/mol   
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol   
27
280.30 kJ/mol   
38
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K   
16
32.00 J/mol.K   
99+
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