1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.2 Period Number
1.8 Block
1.9 Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
1.10 CAS Number
74405757440393
7429905
54386242
1.12 Space Group Name
1.13 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Unknown
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.000001 %
1E-08
0.1
5.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
5.4.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.4.10 Abundance In Oceans
5.4.12 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
-
Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
6.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.07 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
6.2.6 In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.70.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
1,064.43 °C725.00 °C
27
3410
10.3 Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C1,140.00 °C
147
5660
12.2 Appearance
12.2.1 Physical State
12.2.2 Color
12.2.3 Luster
12.3 Hardness
12.3.1 Mohs Hardness
13.3.1 Brinell Hardness
13.8.2 Vickers Hardness
13.9 Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s1,620.00 m/s
818
16200
13.12 Optical Properties
13.12.1 Refractive Index
13.13.1 Reflectivity
13.15 Allotropes
13.15.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13.15.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13.15.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
14 Chemical
14.1 Chemical Formula
14.3 Isotopes
14.3.1 Known Isotopes
16.3 Electronegativity
16.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
16.5.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
17.2.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
17.2.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
17.3.4 Allen Electronegativity
17.4 Electropositivity
17.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
17.6 Ionization Energies
17.6.1 1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol502.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
17.7.2 2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol965.20 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
17.7.5 3rd Energy Level
NA3,600.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
17.8.4 4th Energy Level
17.9.3 5th Energy Level
17.11.3 6th Energy Level
17.11.5 7th Energy level
17.11.9 8th Energy Level
17.11.13 9th Energy Level
17.11.16 10th Energy Level
17.11.18 11th Energy Level
17.11.23 12th Energy Level
17.11.28 13th Energy Level
17.11.32 14th Energy Level
17.11.36 15th Energy Level
17.11.39 16th Energy Level
17.11.42 17th Energy Level
17.11.46 18th Energy Level
17.11.49 19th Energy Level
17.11.52 20th Energy Level
17.11.54 21st Energy Level
17.11.57 22nd Energy Level
17.11.61 23rd Energy Level
17.11.63 24th Energy Level
17.11.66 25th Energy Level
17.11.69 26th Energy Level
17.11.73 27th Energy Level
17.11.77 28th Energy Level
17.11.80 29th Energy Level
17.11.84 30th Energy Level
17.12 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr2.56 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
17.14 Electron Work Function
17.16 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
18 Atomic
18.1 Atomic Number
19.1 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
[Xe] 6s2
19.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
19.3.1 Crystal Lattice
19.4 Atom
19.4.1 Number of Protons
19.4.6 Number of Neutrons
19.8.2 Number of Electrons
19.9 Radius of an Atom
19.9.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm222.00 pm
112
265
19.10.2 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm215.00 pm
96
260
20.1.1 Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm268.00 pm
139
348
20.3 Atomic Weight
196.97 amu137.33 amu
6.94
294
20.7 Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol39.24 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
21.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
21.2.1 Previous Element
21.2.2 Next Element
21.3 Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)21.30 (-eV)
8
392.42
21.5 Lattice Constant
407.82 pm502.80 pm
228.58
891.25
21.10 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
21.11 Lattice C/A Ratio
22 Mechanical
22.1 Density
22.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm33.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
22.3.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm33.34 g/cm3
0.512
20
22.8 Tensile Strength
23.2 Viscosity
23.4 Vapor Pressure
23.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)7.11 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
23.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)NA
2.62E-10
774
23.8 Elasticity properties
23.8.1 Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa4.90 GPa
1.3
222
23.12.1 Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa9.60 GPa
1.6
462
23.16.1 Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa13.00 GPa
1.7
528
24.1 Poisson Ratio
24.3 Other Mechanical Properties
25 Magnetic
25.1 Magnetic Characteristics
25.1.1 Specific Gravity
25.3.1 Magnetic Ordering
25.3.2 Permeability
25.3.4 Susceptibility
25.4 Electrical Properties
25.4.1 Electrical Property
25.4.2 Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m332.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
25.6.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω0.03 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
26.3.1 Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol13.95 kJ/mol
0
222.8
27 Thermal
27.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.20 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
28.4 Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K28.07 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
28.6 Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K18.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
28.7 Critical Temperature
29.2 Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)20.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
29.5 Enthalpy
29.5.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol140.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
29.7.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol7.66 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
29.9.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol175.70 kJ/mol
61.5
837
29.12 Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K62.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1