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Gold Cobalt Comparison

Gold
Cobalt
Cobalt Gold comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Co  
Group Number
11  
7
9  
9
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
37
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
99+
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.47  
99+
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Au  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
2
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
15
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
7
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
8
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
79  
37
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
118  
24
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
79  
37
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
24
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
16
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
17
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
22
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,337.00 K  
99+
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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