Gold Cobalt Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Au
Co
Group Number
11
7
9
9
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440575
31
7440484
38
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Georg Brandt
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE
In 1732
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.06 %
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
21
0.00 %
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
18
0.00 %
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
- Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3
18
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.
30
0.04 p.p.m.
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C
99+
1,495.00 °C
29
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C
36
2,870.00 °C
34
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gold
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
5.00
8
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa
99+
470.00 MPa
26
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa
31
1,043.00 MPa
11
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s
99+
4,720.00 m/s
14
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
95.00 %
2
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
α-Cobalt
β Allotropes
Not Available
β-Cobalt
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au
Co
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54
1
1.88
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.56
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.70
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87
7
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.92
5
1.84
10
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46
99+
2.12
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol
8
760.40 kJ/mol
19
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
1,648.00 kJ/mol
31
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
3,232.00 kJ/mol
22
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,950.00 kJ/mol
19
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,670.00 kJ/mol
12
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,840.00 kJ/mol
12
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,440.00 kJ/mol
11
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,230.00 kJ/mol
12
9th Energy Level
Not Available
17,959.00 kJ/mol
13
10th Energy Level
Not Available
26,570.00 kJ/mol
7
11th Energy Level
Not Available
29,400.00 kJ/mol
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available
32,400.00 kJ/mol
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available
36,600.00 kJ/mol
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available
39,700.00 kJ/mol
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available
42,800.00 kJ/mol
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available
49,396.00 kJ/mol
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available
52,737.00 kJ/mol
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available
134,810.00 kJ/mol
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available
145,170.00 kJ/mol
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available
154,700.00 kJ/mol
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available
167,400.00 kJ/mol
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
178,100.00 kJ/mol
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
189,300.00 kJ/mol
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV
4
5.00 eV
5
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79
37
22
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
79
37
22
99+
Number of Neutrons
118
23
26
99+
Number of Electrons
79
37
22
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
147.00 pm
34
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm
40
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm
39
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu
33
47.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)
99+
95.20 (-eV)
10
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm
21
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3
15
4.51 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3
6
4.11 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
434.00 MPa
9
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
23
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)
4
0.98 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa
27
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
110.00 GPa
15
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa
24
116.00 GPa
18
Poisson Ratio
0.40
4
0.32
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.32
8
4,500.00
1
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
420.00 nΩ·m
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
1
7.60 kJ/mol
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K
40
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K
3
21.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol
27
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol
27
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol
25
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K
32
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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