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Gold vs Cobalt

Gold
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au   
Co   
Group Number
11   
7
9   
9
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440575   
31
7440484   
38
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Georg Brandt   
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE   
In 1732   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.06 %   
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
21
0.00 %   
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C   
99+
1,495.00 °C   
29
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C   
36
2,870.00 °C   
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gold   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
5.00   
8
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa   
99+
470.00 MPa   
26
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa   
31
1,043.00 MPa   
11
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
4,720.00 m/s   
14
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
95.00 %   
2
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-Cobalt   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-Cobalt   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au   
Co   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54   
1
1.88   
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.56   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.70   
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87   
7
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.92   
5
1.84   
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46   
99+
2.12   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV   
4
5.00 eV   
5
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79   
37
22   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79   
37
22   
99+
Number of Neutrons
118   
23
26   
99+
Number of Electrons
79   
37
22   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
147.00 pm   
34
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm   
39
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu   
33
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm   
21
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3   
15
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3   
6
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
434.00 MPa   
9
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)   
4
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa   
27
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
116.00 GPa   
18
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32   
8
4,500.00   
1
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K   
3
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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