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Cobalt vs Gold

Cobalt
Gold
Gold vs Cobalt


Periodic Table
Symbol
Co  
Au  
Group Number
9  
9
11  
7
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440484  
38
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georg Brandt  
-  
Discovery
In 1732  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %  
10
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
1,495.00 °C  
29
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C  
35
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Gold  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa  
31
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa  
18
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s  
18
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.50  
5
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
67.00 %  
16
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
α-Cobalt  
-  
β Allotropes
β-Cobalt  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Co  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.88  
13
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56  
1
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70  
6
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.88  
14
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.84  
13
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.12  
99+
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
5.00 eV  
9
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
22  
99+
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22  
99+
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
26  
99+
118  
24
Number of Electrons
22  
99+
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm  
36
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm  
32
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iron
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Nickel
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)  
10
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.26  
99+
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa  
10
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
14
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa  
20
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4,500.00  
1
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
3
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
1,768.00 K  
32
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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