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Gold vs Iridium

Gold
Iridium
Iridium vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Ir  
Group Number
11  
7
9  
9
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7439885  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
2,410.00 °C  
7
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
37
4,527.00 °C  
10
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
1,670.00 MPa  
5
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
99+
1,760.00 MPa  
8
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
4,825.00 m/s  
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.47  
99+
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
78.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Au  
Ir  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
2
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
15
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
7
1.68  
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
3rd Energy Level
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
2,256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
8
6th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
25
7th Energy level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
8th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
9th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
10th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
23
11th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
12th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
40
13th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
14th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
15th Energy Level
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
16th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
17th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
880.00 kJ/mol  
26
18th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
19th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
880.00 kJ/mol  
24
20th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
21st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
880.00 kJ/mol  
37
22nd Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
880.00 kJ/mol  
12
23rd Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
7
24th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
25th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
26th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
27th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
28th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
29th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
30th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
8
4.55 eV  
18
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
79  
37
77  
39
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
74  
99+
Number of Neutrons
118  
24
110  
28
Number of Electrons
79  
37
74  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
136.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
99+
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
192.22 amu  
34
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Osmium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Platinum
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
140.00 (-eV)  
5
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
24
383.90 pm  
29
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.58  
35
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
22.56 g/cm3  
10
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
16
19.00 g/cm3  
13
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
2,000.00 MPa  
2
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
21
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
210.00 GPa  
2
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
320.00 GPa  
3
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
17
21.78  
12
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
22
0.00  
5
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
47.10 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
151.00 kJ/mol  
4
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
147.00 W/m·K  
10
Critical Temperature
1,337.00 K  
99+
2,719.00 K  
8
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
35.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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