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Iridium vs Mercury

Iridium
Mercury
Mercury vs Iridium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir  
Hg  
Group Number
9  
9
12  
6
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439885  
99+
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
In 1803  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.09 %  
2
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.05 %  
9
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
Physical
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C  
7
-38.83 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C  
10
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
5
5.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa  
8
0.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s  
17
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
78.00 %  
8
73.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ir  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55  
12
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.81  
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.68  
20
1.44  
34
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
3rd Energy Level
2,256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
8
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
25
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
23
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
40
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
16th Energy Level
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
26
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
18th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
24
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
20th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
21st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
37
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
22nd Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
23rd Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
7
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
24th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
25th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
26th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
27th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
28th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
29th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
30th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
4.49 eV  
20
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
77  
39
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
121  
23
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm  
34
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu  
34
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Osmium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Platinum
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm  
29
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
0.42  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3  
10
13.53 g/cm3  
25
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3  
13
13.55 g/cm3  
27
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa  
2
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
21
0.00  
4
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa  
2
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa  
3
25.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.78  
12
13.53  
27
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
5
0.00  
20
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m  
99+
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol  
4
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K  
10
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,719.00 K  
8
1,750.00 K  
33
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K  
99+
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
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