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Mercury vs Iridium

Mercury
Iridium
Iridium vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Ir   
Group Number
12   
6
9   
9
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439976   
99+
7439885   
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Smithson Tennant   
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
29
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %   
9
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
Not Available   
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
2,410.00 °C   
7
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
4,527.00 °C   
10
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.50   
5
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
1,670.00 MPa   
5
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,760.00 MPa   
3
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
4,825.00 m/s   
13
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
78.00 %   
6
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Ir   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
2.20   
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.55   
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
1.68   
17
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
880.00 kJ/mol   
9
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
35
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
4.55 eV   
13
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
77   
39
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
74   
99+
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
110   
27
Number of Electrons
80   
36
74   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
136.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
141.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
202.00 pm   
27
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
192.22 amu   
34
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Osmium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Platinum
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
140.00 (-eV)   
5
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
383.90 pm   
26
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
22.56 g/cm3   
10
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
19.00 g/cm3   
3
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
2,000.00 MPa   
2
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
25
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
210.00 GPa   
2
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
320.00 GPa   
3
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
528.00 GPa   
1
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.26   
22
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
21.78   
3
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
47.10 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
151.00 kJ/mol   
4
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
147.00 W/m·K   
10
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
35.50 J/mol.K   
99+
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