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Mercury vs Iridium

Mercury
Iridium
Iridium vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
Ir  
Group Number
12  
6
9  
9
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
7439885  
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.09 %  
2
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
-38.83 °C  
99+
2,410.00 °C  
7
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
4,527.00 °C  
10
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
1,670.00 MPa  
5
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
1,760.00 MPa  
8
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
4,825.00 m/s  
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
78.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hg  
Ir  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
17
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
34
1.68  
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
2,256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
8
6th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
25
7th Energy level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
8th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
9th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
10th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
23
11th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
12th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
40
13th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
14th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
15th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
16th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
17th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
880.00 kJ/mol  
26
18th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
19th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
880.00 kJ/mol  
24
20th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
21st Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
880.00 kJ/mol  
37
22nd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
880.00 kJ/mol  
12
23rd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
7
24th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
25th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
26th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
27th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
28th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
29th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
30th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
20
4.55 eV  
18
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
80  
36
77  
39
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
74  
99+
Number of Neutrons
121  
23
110  
28
Number of Electrons
80  
36
74  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
136.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
192.22 amu  
34
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Osmium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Platinum
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
140.00 (-eV)  
5
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
383.90 pm  
29
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.42  
99+
1.58  
35
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
25
22.56 g/cm3  
10
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.55 g/cm3  
27
19.00 g/cm3  
13
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
2,000.00 MPa  
2
Viscosity
0.00  
4
0.00  
21
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
210.00 GPa  
2
Bulk Modulus
25.00 GPa  
99+
320.00 GPa  
3
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
27
21.78  
12
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
5
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
47.10 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
151.00 kJ/mol  
4
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
147.00 W/m·K  
10
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
33
2,719.00 K  
8
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
35.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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