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Gold Copper Comparison

Gold
Copper
Copper Gold comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Cu  
Group Number
11  
7
11  
7
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
-  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
37
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Copper  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
99+
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.47  
99+
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Au  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
2
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
15
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
7
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
8
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
79  
37
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
118  
24
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
79  
37
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
24
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
16
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
17
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
22
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
1,337.00 K  
99+
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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