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Gold vs Copper

Gold
Copper
Copper vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au   
Cu   
Group Number
11   
7
11   
7
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440575   
31
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
21
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C   
99+
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C   
36
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gold   
Copper   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa   
99+
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa   
31
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
95.00 %   
2
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54   
1
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87   
7
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.92   
5
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46   
99+
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV   
4
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79   
37
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79   
37
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
118   
23
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
79   
37
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm   
39
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu   
33
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm   
21
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3   
15
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3   
6
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa   
27
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32   
8
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K   
3
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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