Copper vs Gold
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu
Au
Group Number
11
7
11
7
Period Number
4
6
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440508
37
7440575
31
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
Sources
Found in Minerals
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
History
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
Before 6000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-6 %
12
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.00007 %
12
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %
13
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
17
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
8
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
9
0.00 %
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
8
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.
12
0.02 p.p.m.
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C
40
1,064.43 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C
99+
2,807.00 °C
36
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Copper
Gold
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.00
12
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa
38
194.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa
28
216.00 MPa
31
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s
19
2,030.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
90.00 %
3
95.00 %
2
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cu
Au
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90
11
2.54
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98
9
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75
3
1.42
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49
14
1.87
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.85
9
1.92
5
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10
99+
1.46
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
22
890.10 kJ/mol
8
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol
15
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV
11
5.10 eV
4
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
29
99+
79
37
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
29
99+
79
37
Number of Neutrons
35
99+
118
23
Number of Electrons
29
99+
79
37
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm
99+
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm
99+
166.00 pm
39
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu
99+
196.97 amu
33
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)
99+
43.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm
35
407.82 pm
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.61
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3
99+
19.30 g/cm3
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3
27
17.31 g/cm3
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available
120.00 MPa
15
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)
8
0.00 (Pa)
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
67.00 (Pa)
4
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa
15
27.00 GPa
27
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa
12
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa
17
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
0.34
10
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.89
34
19.32
8
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
5
Not Available
Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10-6
4
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m
99+
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω
2
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
1
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)
15
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K
99+
25.42 J/mol·K
40
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K
2
318.00 W/m·K
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)
25
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol
33
324.40 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol
99+
12.55 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol
29
364.00 kJ/mol
25
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K
99+
47.40 J/mol.K
32
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