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Gold vs Mercury

Gold
Mercury
Mercury vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au   
Hg   
Group Number
11   
7
12   
6
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440575   
31
7439976   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE   
Before 2000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.05 %   
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
21
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
18
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Not Available   
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C   
36
356.58 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Liquid   
Color
Gold   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa   
31
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
3
Reflectivity
95.00 %   
2
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au   
Hg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54   
1
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87   
7
1.81   
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.92   
5
1.44   
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46   
99+
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV   
4
4.49 eV   
15
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79   
37
80   
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79   
37
80   
36
Number of Neutrons
118   
23
121   
22
Number of Electrons
79   
37
80   
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm   
39
155.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu   
33
200.59 amu   
32
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm   
21
300.50 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3   
15
13.53 g/cm3   
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
0.00   
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa   
27
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32   
8
13.53   
16
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K   
3
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
1,750.00 K   
6
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
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