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Mercury vs Gold

Mercury
Gold
Gold vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
Au  
Group Number
12  
6
11  
7
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
6
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Unknown  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
6 * 10-8 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.0000001 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
19
0.02 p.p.m.  
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available  
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
2,807.00 °C  
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gold  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
2.50  
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
216.00 MPa  
31
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
3
Not Available  
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
8
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
7
2.54  
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
7
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
17
1.42  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
9
1.87  
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
30
1.92  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
2.45 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
15
5.10 eV  
4
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80  
36
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
121  
22
118  
23
Number of Electrons
80  
36
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
32
151.00 pm  
32
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
144.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
166.00 pm  
39
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
35
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
407.82 pm  
21
Lattice Angles
NA  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
1.61  
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
24
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available  
17.31 g/cm3  
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
120.00 MPa  
15
Viscosity
0.00  
1
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
27.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
79.00 GPa  
24
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
16
19.32  
8
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
13
25.42 J/mol·K  
40
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
6
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
324.40 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
12.55 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
364.00 kJ/mol  
25
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
47.40 J/mol.K  
32
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