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Mercury Gold Comparison

Mercury
Gold
Gold Mercury comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
Au  
Group Number
12  
6
11  
7
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
-  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.09 %  
2
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
-38.83 °C  
99+
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gold  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hg  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
17
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
34
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
20
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
80  
36
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
121  
23
118  
24
Number of Electrons
80  
36
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.42  
99+
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
25
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.55 g/cm3  
27
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
4
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
25.00 GPa  
99+
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
27
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
33
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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