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Gold Terbium Comparison


Terbium Gold comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Au   
Tb   

Group Number
11   
7
Not Available   

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
d block   
f block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7440575   
31
7440279   
99+

Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
  • Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Unknown   
Carl Gustaf Mosander   

Discovery
Before 6000 BCE   
In 1842   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
5 * 10-8 %   
27

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.00000001 %   
29

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
40

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
21
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
18
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
  • Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
  

Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
Not Available   

In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,064.43 °C   
99+
1,356.00 °C   
33

Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C   
36
3,123.00 °C   
29

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Gold   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa   
99+
677.00 MPa   
17

Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa   
31
863.00 MPa   
13

Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
2,620.00 m/s   
35

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
95.00 %   
2
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Au   
Tb   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
36   
3
26   
13

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.54   
1
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.10   
30

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87   
7
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.92   
5
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
1.46   
99+
Not Available   

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
1.98 g/amp-hr   
31

Electron Work Function
5.10 eV   
4
3.00 eV   
36

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
79   
37
65   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
[Xe] 4f9 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
79   
37
65   
99+

Number of Neutrons
118   
23
94   
36

Number of Electrons
79   
37
65   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
177.00 pm   
17

Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
194.00 pm   
16

Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm   
39
221.00 pm   
22

Atomic Weight
196.97 amu   
33
158.93 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
19.20 cm3/mol   
22

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Platinum
  
Gadolinium
  

Next Element
Mercury
  
Dysprosium
  

Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
46.80 (-eV)   
33

Lattice Constant
407.82 pm   
21
360.10 pm   
36

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
1.58   
13

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3   
15
8.23 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3   
6
7.65 g/cm3   
30

Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
60.00 MPa   
17

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
0.00 (Pa)   
29

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)   
4
12.50 (Pa)   
8

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa   
27
22.10 GPa   
32

Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
38.70 GPa   
33

Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
55.70 GPa   
34

Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.26   
21

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
19.32   
8
8.23   
39

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
1.15 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33

Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
28.91 J/mol·K   
9

Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K   
3
11.10 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
10.30 µm/(m·K)   
38

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
330.90 kJ/mol   
26

Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
10.80 kJ/mol   
34

Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
314.00 kJ/mol   
33

Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
73.20 J/mol.K   
10

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