Gold vs Terbium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Au
Tb
Group Number
11
7
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440575
31
7440279
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE
In 1842
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
5 * 10-8 %
27
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.00000001 %
29
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
40
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
21
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
18
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
- Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
Not Available
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.
30
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C
99+
1,356.00 °C
33
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C
36
3,123.00 °C
29
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gold
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa
99+
677.00 MPa
17
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa
31
863.00 MPa
13
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s
99+
2,620.00 m/s
35
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
95.00 %
2
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au
Tb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54
1
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.10
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87
7
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.92
5
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46
99+
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol
8
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
1.98 g/amp-hr
31
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV
4
3.00 eV
36
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79
37
65
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
79
37
65
99+
Number of Neutrons
118
23
94
36
Number of Electrons
79
37
65
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
177.00 pm
17
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm
40
194.00 pm
16
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm
39
221.00 pm
22
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu
33
158.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
19.20 cm3/mol
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)
99+
46.80 (-eV)
33
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm
21
360.10 pm
36
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
1.58
13
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3
15
8.23 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3
6
7.65 g/cm3
30
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
60.00 MPa
17
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
23
0.00 (Pa)
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)
4
12.50 (Pa)
8
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa
27
22.10 GPa
32
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
38.70 GPa
33
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa
24
55.70 GPa
34
Poisson Ratio
0.40
4
0.26
21
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.32
8
8.23
39
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
1.15 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
1
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K
40
28.91 J/mol·K
9
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K
3
11.10 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
10.30 µm/(m·K)
38
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol
27
330.90 kJ/mol
26
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol
27
10.80 kJ/mol
34
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol
25
314.00 kJ/mol
33
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K
32
73.20 J/mol.K
10
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