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Gold Vanadium Comparison

Gold
Vanadium
Vanadium Gold comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au   
V   
Group Number
11   
7
5   
13
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440575   
31
7440622   
27
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Andrés Manuel del Río   
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
1 * 10-4 %   
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.00004 %   
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
21
0.00 %   
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
0.00 p.p.m.   
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C   
99+
1,890.00 °C   
13
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C   
36
3,380.00 °C   
20
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gold   
Blue-Silver Grey   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
6.70   
4
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa   
99+
600.00 MPa   
20
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa   
31
628.00 MPa   
17
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
4,560.00 m/s   
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
95.00 %   
2
61.00 %   
14
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au   
V   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
22   
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54   
1
1.63   
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.39   
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.45   
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87   
7
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.92   
5
1.53   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46   
99+
2.37   
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5
7th Energy level
Not Available   
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV   
4
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79   
37
23   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79   
37
23   
99+
Number of Neutrons
118   
23
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
79   
37
23   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
153.00 pm   
33
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm   
39
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu   
33
50.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
120.00 (-eV)   
6
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm   
21
303.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3   
15
6.00 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3   
6
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
800.00 MPa   
6
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)   
4
0.23 (Pa)   
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa   
27
47.00 GPa   
16
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
128.00 GPa   
15
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32   
8
5.96   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
197.00 nΩ·m   
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
50.60 kJ/mol   
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K   
3
30.70 W/m·K   
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
458.60 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
514.60 kJ/mol   
13
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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