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Vanadium vs Copper

Vanadium
Copper
Copper vs Vanadium


Periodic Table
Symbol
V   
Cu   
Group Number
5   
13
11   
7
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440622   
27
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1801   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-4 %   
10
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.00004 %   
13
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %   
14
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %   
12
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
14
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
16
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
31
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C   
13
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C   
20
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Blue-Silver Grey   
Copper   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.70   
4
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa   
20
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa   
17
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s   
17
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
61.00 %   
14
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
V   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
22   
17
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.63   
20
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39   
17
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45   
16
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.53   
26
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.37   
34
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV   
18
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
23   
99+
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
23   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
28   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
23   
99+
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
153.00 pm   
33
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
50.94 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Titanium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Chromium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)   
6
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
303.00 pm   
99+
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm3   
99+
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa   
6
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)   
16
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa   
16
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa   
11
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa   
15
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.96   
99+
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m   
19
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol   
20
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K   
39
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol   
14
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol   
13
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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