1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
1.7 CAS Number
74405757429905
7429905
54386242
1.10 Space Group Name
1.11 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Unknown
Hans Christian Oersted
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %5 * 10-3 %
5E-09
0.11
2.6.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.006 %
1E-08
0.1
3.1.2 Abundance In Meteorites
3.1.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.1.5 Abundance In Oceans
3.1.6 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.39 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.3.1 In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.27.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,064.43 °C660.37 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C2,467.00 °C
147
5660
5.4 Appearance
5.4.1 Physical State
5.4.2 Color
5.4.3 Luster
5.5 Hardness
5.5.1 Mohs Hardness
5.5.3 Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa160.00 MPa
0.14
3490
1.2.2 Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa160.00 MPa
121
3430
1.5 Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s5,000.00 m/s
818
16200
2.2 Optical Properties
2.2.1 Refractive Index
2.2.2 Reflectivity
2.3 Allotropes
2.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3 Chemical
3.1 Chemical Formula
3.2 Isotopes
4.0.1 Known Isotopes
4.5 Electronegativity
4.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
4.5.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
4.6.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
4.6.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
4.6.10 Allen Electronegativity
4.7 Electropositivity
4.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.2 Ionization Energies
5.2.1 1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.2.4 2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol1,816.70 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.3.1 3rd Energy Level
NA2,744.80 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.1.1 4th Energy Level
NA11,577.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.3.1 5th Energy Level
NA14,842.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
7.4.1 6th Energy Level
NA18,379.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
7.6.2 7th Energy level
NA23,326.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
7.6.4 8th Energy Level
NA27,465.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
7.7.2 9th Energy Level
NA31,853.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
7.7.4 10th Energy Level
NA38,473.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
7.8.1 11th Energy Level
NA42,647.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
7.9.2 12th Energy Level
8.2.2 13th Energy Level
8.3.1 14th Energy Level
8.4.2 15th Energy Level
8.4.4 16th Energy Level
8.4.6 17th Energy Level
8.4.8 18th Energy Level
8.4.10 19th Energy Level
8.5.2 20th Energy Level
8.5.3 21st Energy Level
8.6.2 22nd Energy Level
8.6.4 23rd Energy Level
8.6.5 24th Energy Level
8.6.7 25th Energy Level
8.6.8 26th Energy Level
8.6.10 27th Energy Level
8.6.11 28th Energy Level
8.6.13 29th Energy Level
8.6.15 30th Energy Level
8.7 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr0.34 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.8 Electron Work Function
8.9 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
9.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.3 Number of Neutrons
9.4.5 Number of Electrons
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm143.00 pm
112
265
9.5.3 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm121.00 pm
96
260
9.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm184.00 pm
139
348
9.6 Atomic Weight
196.97 amu26.98 amu
6.94
294
9.7 Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol10.00 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)80.70 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.10 Lattice Constant
407.82 pm404.95 pm
228.58
891.25
9.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm32.70 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.1.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm32.38 g/cm3
0.512
20
10.2 Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa40.00 MPa
2.5
11000
10.3 Viscosity
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
10.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)NA
2.62E-10
774
10.7 Elasticity properties
10.7.1 Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa26.00 GPa
1.3
222
11.1.1 Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa76.00 GPa
1.6
462
11.4.2 Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa70.00 GPa
1.7
528
11.5 Poisson Ratio
11.6 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.2.3 Magnetic Ordering
12.2.4 Permeability
NA0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
12.2.6 Susceptibility
12.3 Electrical Properties
12.3.1 Electrical Property
12.3.2 Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m28.20 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.4.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω0.38 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.5.1 Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol42.50 kJ/mol
0
222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.90 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.3 Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K24.20 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.2 Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K237.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.3 Critical Temperature
14.5 Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)23.10 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
14.7 Enthalpy
14.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol293.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
14.8.4 Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol10.67 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
14.9.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol322.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
14.10 Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K28.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1