Gold

Aluminium

Gold vs Aluminium

Gold

Aluminium

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Periodic Table

Symbol

Group Number

1113

0 17

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Period Number

2 7

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Block

d block

p block

Element Family

Transition Metal

Post-Transition

CAS Number

74405757429905

7429905 54386242

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Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

Space Group Number

225.00225.00

11 276

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Facts

Interesting Facts

It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.

It is the most malleable and ductile metal.

Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.

Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.

Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.

It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.

Sources

Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals

By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining

History

Who Discovered

Hans Christian Oersted

Discovery

Before 6000 BCE

In 1825

Abundance

Abundance In Universe

0.00 %0.01 %

0 0.11

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Abundance In Sun

0.00 %0.01 %

0 0.1

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Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.91 %

0 22

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Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %8.10 %

1E-37 8.1

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Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

0 1.1

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Abundance In Humans

0.00 %0.00 %

0 1.4

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Uses

Uses & Benefits

Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.

Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.

Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

Other Uses

Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

Biological Properties

Toxicity

Non Toxic

Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.39 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

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In Bone

0.02 p.p.m.27.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

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Physical

Melting Point

1,064.43 °C660.37 °C

-38.83 3410

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Boiling Point

2,807.00 °C2,467.00 °C

0 5660

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Appearance

Physical State

Solid

Color

Gold

Silvery Gray

Luster

Metallic

Hardness

Mohs Hardness

2.502.75

0.2 8.5

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Brinell Hardness

194.00 MPa160.00 MPa

0.14 3490

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Vickers Hardness

216.00 MPa160.00 MPa

0 3920

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Speed of Sound

2,030.00 m/s5,000.00 m/s

818 16200

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Optical Properties

Refractive Index

0.471.61

0.155 3.41

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Reflectivity

95.00 %71.00 %

5 97

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Allotropes

✔ ✘

α Allotropes

β Allotropes

γ Allotropes

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Isotopes

Known Isotopes

3611

0 38

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Electronegativity

Pauling Electronegativity

2.541.61

0 2.6

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Sanderson Electronegativity

1.501.71

0.22 2.56

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Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.421.47

0.86 1.9

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Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.871.83

0.62 2.48

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Allen Electronegativity

1.921.61

0.659 2.7

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Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

1.462.39

1.46 3.3

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Ionization Energies

1st Energy Level

890.10 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

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2nd Energy Level

1,980.00 kJ/mol1,816.70 kJ/mol

392.8 28750

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3rd Energy Level

2,856.00 kJ/mol2,744.80 kJ/mol

392.8 34230

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4th Energy Level

890.10 kJ/mol11,577.00 kJ/mol

375.7 37066

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5th Energy Level

8,901.00 kJ/mol14,842.00 kJ/mol

392 97510

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6th Energy Level

8,901.00 kJ/mol18,379.00 kJ/mol

1007 105800

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7th Energy level

8,901.00 kJ/mol23,326.00 kJ/mol

1007 114300

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8th Energy Level

8,900.00 kJ/mol27,465.00 kJ/mol

730 125300

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9th Energy Level

8,901.00 kJ/mol31,853.00 kJ/mol

1007 134700

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10th Energy Level

8,901.00 kJ/mol38,473.00 kJ/mol

392 144300

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11th Energy Level

8,901.00 kJ/mol42,647.00 kJ/mol

392 169988

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12th Energy Level

8,900.00 kJ/mol5,770.00 kJ/mol

0 189368

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13th Energy Level

8,900.00 kJ/mol5,770.00 kJ/mol

1007 76015

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14th Energy Level

890.10 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol

380 86450

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15th Energy Level

89,000.00 kJ/mol57,700.00 kJ/mol

33000 100700

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16th Energy Level

890.10 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol

375.7 109480

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17th Energy Level

890.10 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol

375.7 122200

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18th Energy Level

8,901.00 kJ/mol5,775.00 kJ/mol

0 134810

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19th Energy Level

890.10 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol

375.7 148700

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20th Energy Level

890.00 kJ/mol577.00 kJ/mol

0 171200

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21st Energy Level

890.10 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol

375.7 179100

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22nd Energy Level

890.00 kJ/mol577.00 kJ/mol

330 184900

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23rd Energy Level

890.10 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol

357.6 198800

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24th Energy Level

890.10 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol

297.3 195200

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25th Energy Level

890.00 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol

0 121900

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26th Energy Level

890.10 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol

357.6 127700

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27th Energy Level

890.10 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol

0 133800

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28th Energy Level

890.10 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol

297.3 139800

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29th Energy Level

890.10 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol

0 148100

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30th Energy Level

890.10 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol

0 154500

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Electrochemical Equivalent

2.45 g/amp-hr0.34 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

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Electron Work Function

5.10 eV4.28 eV

2.14 6

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Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility

Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

Atomic

Atomic Number

7913

3 117

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Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹

[Ne] 3s² 3p¹

Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

Crystal Lattice

Atom

Number of Protons

7913

3 117

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Number of Neutrons

11814

4 285

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Number of Electrons

7913

3 117

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Radius of an Atom

Atomic Radius

151.00 pm143.00 pm

0 348

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Covalent Radius

144.00 pm121.00 pm

0 260

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Van der Waals Radius

166.00 pm184.00 pm

0 348

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Atomic Weight

196.97 amu26.98 amu

6.94 294

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Atomic Volume

10.20 cm3/mol10.00 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

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Adjacent Atomic Numbers

Previous Element

Next Element

Valence Electron Potential

43.40 (-eV)80.70 (-eV)

0 392.42

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Lattice Constant

407.82 pm404.95 pm

0 891.25

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Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

Lattice C/A Ratio

1.611.58

0.423 1.9

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Mechanical

Density

Density At Room Temperature

19.30 g/cm³2.70 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

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Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

17.31 g/cm32.38 g/cm3

0.512 41

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Tensile Strength

120.00 MPa40.00 MPa

0.1 11000

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Viscosity

0.000.00

1.5E-05 0.0035

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Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

0 121

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Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

67.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

0 774

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Elasticity properties

Shear Modulus

27.00 GPa26.00 GPa

1.3 222

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Bulk Modulus

180.00 GPa76.00 GPa

0 462

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Young's Modulus

79.00 GPa70.00 GPa

0 528

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Poisson Ratio

0.400.35

0.032 0.47

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Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

Magnetic

Magnetic Characteristics

Specific Gravity

19.322.72

0.53 4500

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Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

Paramagnetic

Permeability

0.00 H/m0.00 H/m

1.25643E-06 0.0063

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Susceptibility

0.000.00

-0.000166 200000

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Electrical Properties

Electrical Property

Conductor

Resistivity

2.20 nΩ·m28.20 nΩ·m

0.1 961

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Electrical Conductivity

0.45 10⁶/cm Ω0.38 10⁶/cm Ω

0 0.63

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Electron Affinity

222.80 kJ/mol42.50 kJ/mol

0 222.8

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Thermal

Specific Heat

0.13 J/(kg K)0.90 J/(kg K)

0.1 3.6

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Molar Heat Capacity

25.42 J/mol·K24.20 J/mol·K

13.1 62.7

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Thermal Conductivity

318.00 W/m·K237.00 W/m·K

0 429

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Critical Temperature

1,337.00 K933.00 K

26.3 3695

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Thermal Expansion

14.20 µm/(m·K)23.10 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

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Enthalpy

Enthalpy of Vaporization

324.40 kJ/mol293.70 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

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Enthalpy of Fusion

12.55 kJ/mol10.67 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

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Enthalpy of Atomization

364.00 kJ/mol322.20 kJ/mol

61.5 837

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Standard Molar Entropy

47.40 J/mol.K28.30 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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