Gold

Cerium

Gold vs Cerium

Gold

Cerium

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Periodic Table

Symbol

Group Number

Period Number

Block

Element Family

CAS Number

Space Group Name

Space Group Number

Facts

Interesting Facts

Sources

Who Discovered

Discovery

Abundance In Universe

Abundance In Sun

Abundance In Meteorites

Abundance In Earth's Crust

Abundance In Oceans

Abundance In Humans

Uses

Uses & Benefits

Industrial Uses

Medical Uses

Other Uses

Toxicity

Present in Human Body

In Blood

In Bone

Physical

Melting Point

Boiling Point

Physical State

Color

Luster

Mohs Hardness

Brinell Hardness

Vickers Hardness

Speed of Sound

Refractive Index

Reflectivity

Allotropes

α Allotropes

β Allotropes

γ Allotropes

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Known Isotopes

Pauling Electronegativity

Sanderson Electronegativity

Allred Rochow Electronegativity

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

Allen Electronegativity

Pauling Electropositivity

1st Energy Level

2nd Energy Level

3rd Energy Level

4th Energy Level

5th Energy Level

6th Energy Level

7th Energy level

8th Energy Level

9th Energy Level

10th Energy Level

11th Energy Level

12th Energy Level

13th Energy Level

14th Energy Level

15th Energy Level

16th Energy Level

17th Energy Level

18th Energy Level

19th Energy Level

20th Energy Level

21st Energy Level

22nd Energy Level

23rd Energy Level

24th Energy Level

25th Energy Level

26th Energy Level

27th Energy Level

28th Energy Level

29th Energy Level

30th Energy Level

Electrochemical Equivalent

Electron Work Function

Other Chemical Properties

Atomic

Atomic Number

Electron Configuration

Crystal Structure

Crystal Lattice

Number of Protons

Number of Neutrons

Number of Electrons

Atomic Radius

Covalent Radius

Van der Waals Radius

Atomic Weight

Atomic Volume

Previous Element

Next Element

Valence Electron Potential

Lattice Constant

Lattice Angles

Lattice C/A Ratio

Mechanical

Density At Room Temperature

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

Tensile Strength

Viscosity

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

Shear Modulus

Bulk Modulus

Young's Modulus

Poisson Ratio

Other Mechanical Properties

Magnetic

Specific Gravity

Magnetic Ordering

Permeability

Susceptibility

Electrical Property

Resistivity

Electrical Conductivity

Electron Affinity

Thermal

Specific Heat

Molar Heat Capacity

Thermal Conductivity

Critical Temperature

Thermal Expansion

Enthalpy of Vaporization

Enthalpy of Fusion

Enthalpy of Atomization

Standard Molar Entropy

d block

Transition Metal

7440575

Fm_ 3m

225.00

It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.

It is the most malleable and ductile metal.

Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.

Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals

Before 6000 BCE

0.00 %

Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.

Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry

Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

Non Toxic

✔✘

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0.02 p.p.m.

1,064.43 °C

2,807.00 °C

Solid

Gold

Metallic

2.50

194.00 MPa

216.00 MPa

2,030.00 m/s

0.47

95.00 %

✔✘

2.54

1.50

1.42

1.87

1.92

1.46

890.10 kJ/mol

1,980.00 kJ/mol

2,856.00 kJ/mol

890.10 kJ/mol

8,901.00 kJ/mol

8,900.00 kJ/mol

8,901.00 kJ/mol

8,900.00 kJ/mol

890.10 kJ/mol

89,000.00 kJ/mol

890.10 kJ/mol

8,901.00 kJ/mol

890.10 kJ/mol

890.00 kJ/mol

890.10 kJ/mol

890.00 kJ/mol

890.10 kJ/mol

890.00 kJ/mol

890.10 kJ/mol

2.45 g/amp-hr

5.10 eV

Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100

118

151.00 pm

144.00 pm

166.00 pm

196.97 amu

10.20 cm3/mol

43.40 (-eV)

407.82 pm

π/2, π/2, π/2

1.61

19.30 g/cm³

17.31 g/cm3

120.00 MPa

0.00

0.00 (Pa)

67.00 (Pa)

27.00 GPa

180.00 GPa

79.00 GPa

0.40

Ductile, Malleable

19.32

Diamagnetic

0.00 H/m

0.00

Conductor

2.20 nΩ·m

0.45 10⁶/cm Ω

222.80 kJ/mol

0.13 J/(kg K)

25.42 J/mol·K

318.00 W/m·K

1,337.00 K

14.20 µm/(m·K)

324.40 kJ/mol

12.55 kJ/mol

364.00 kJ/mol

47.40 J/mol.K

f block

Lanthanide

7440451

P63/mmc

194.00

Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.

It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.

Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger

In 1803

0.00 %

0.01 %

0.00 %

It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.

Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.

Chemical Industry

Medical Research

Alloys

Moderately Toxic

✔✘

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3

2.70 p.p.m.

795.00 °C

3,257.00 °C

Solid

Silvery White

Lustrous

2.50

186.00 MPa

210.00 MPa

2,100.00 m/s

2.20

68.00 %

✔✘

1.12

1.08

1.12

2.88

534.40 kJ/mol

1,050.00 kJ/mol

1,949.00 kJ/mol

3,547.00 kJ/mol

6,325.00 kJ/mol

7,490.00 kJ/mol

5,340.00 kJ/mol

5,650.00 kJ/mol

5,340.00 kJ/mol

53,400.00 kJ/mol

534.40 kJ/mol

5,340.00 kJ/mol

534.40 kJ/mol

534.00 kJ/mol

5,346.00 kJ/mol

594.00 kJ/mol

5,346.00 kJ/mol

565.50 kJ/mol

534.40 kJ/mol

565.50 kJ/mol

594.00 kJ/mol

1.74 g/amp-hr

2.84 eV

Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

[Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s²

Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)

DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100

181.80 pm

204.00 pm

235.00 pm

140.12 amu

20.67 cm3/mol

41.78 (-eV)

362.00 pm

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

1.59

6.77 g/cm³

6.55 g/cm3

270.00 MPa

0.00

0.00 (Pa)

1.04 (Pa)

13.50 GPa

21.50 GPa

33.60 GPa

0.24

Ductile, Malleable

6.77

Paramagnetic

0.00 H/m

0.00

Conductor

828.00 nΩ·m

0.01 10⁶/cm Ω

50.00 kJ/mol

0.19 J/(kg K)

26.94 J/mol·K

11.30 W/m·K

1,071.00 K

6.30 µm/(m·K)

414.00 kJ/mol

5.46 kJ/mol

381.00 kJ/mol

72.00 J/mol.K

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