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Gold vs Yttrium

Gold
Yttrium
Yttrium vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Y  
Group Number
11  
7
3  
15
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7440655  
25
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Johan Gadolin  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In 1794  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
26
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
Physical
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
1,523.00 °C  
27
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
37
3,337.00 °C  
22
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
589.00 MPa  
26
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
99+
590.00 MPa  
29
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
3,300.00 m/s  
34
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.47  
99+
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
83.00 %  
6
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Au  
Y  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
2
1.22  
39
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
0.65  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.11  
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
15
1.22  
38
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
7
1.12  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
2.78  
16
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
19
5th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
7,430.00 kJ/mol  
22
6th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
8,970.00 kJ/mol  
23
7th Energy level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11,190.00 kJ/mol  
18
8th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
12,450.00 kJ/mol  
18
9th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
14,110.00 kJ/mol  
19
10th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
18,400.00 kJ/mol  
17
11th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
19,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
12th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
36,090.00 kJ/mol  
25
13th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
33
15th Energy Level
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
60,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
60,000.00 kJ/mol  
34
17th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
8
3.10 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
79  
37
39  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Kr] 4d1 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
39  
99+
Number of Neutrons
118  
24
50  
99+
Number of Electrons
79  
37
39  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
190.00 pm  
18
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
88.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
19.80 cm3/mol  
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Strontium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Zirconium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
48.00 (-eV)  
31
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
24
364.74 pm  
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.57  
39
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
4.47 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
16
4.24 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
160.00 MPa  
22
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
18
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
4.27 (Pa)  
10
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
25.60 GPa  
37
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
41.20 GPa  
35
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
63.50 GPa  
34
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.24  
26
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
17
4.47  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
22
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
596.00 nΩ·m  
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
29.60 kJ/mol  
36
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
26.53 J/mol·K  
35
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
17.20 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,337.00 K  
99+
1,799.00 K  
31
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
10.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
393.00 kJ/mol  
25
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
17.15 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
418.00 kJ/mol  
23
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
44.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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