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Holmium Bismuth Comparison

Holmium
Bismuth
Bismuth Holmium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ho  
Bi  
Group Number
3  
15
15  
3
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440600  
29
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
In 1878  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
1,461.00 °C  
30
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C  
99+
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa  
14
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa  
36
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.67  
29
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
67.00 %  
16
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ho  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.23  
38
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.23  
30
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10  
31
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.23  
37
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.23  
99+
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.77  
17
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
6,500.00 kJ/mol  
39
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
6,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr  
33
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
67  
99+
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
67  
99+
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
98  
35
126  
19
Number of Electrons
67  
99+
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
20
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm  
17
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
164.93 amu  
99+
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol  
36
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Dysprosium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Erbium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)  
32
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
357.73 pm  
99+
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
40
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3  
99+
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3  
99+
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
270.00 MPa  
17
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
17
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa  
35
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa  
37
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa  
33
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
29
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.80  
99+
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
7
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m  
4
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)  
36
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K  
25
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K  
99+
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,747.00 K  
34
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol  
99+
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol  
35
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
99+
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K  
8
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
Summary >>
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