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Bismuth vs Praseodymium

Bismuth
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi  
Pr  
Group Number
15  
3
3  
15
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
p block  
f block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440699  
22
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
12.00  
15
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy  
-  
Discovery
In 1753  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
271.30 °C  
99+
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C  
99+
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.50  
5
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bi  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02  
7
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34  
3
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67  
7
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15  
8
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
2.01  
5
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98  
99+
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
29
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
83  
33
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83  
33
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
126  
19
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
83  
33
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
31
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm  
38
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm  
33
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu  
29
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm  
2
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
32.00 MPa  
99+
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
29
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa  
99+
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa  
99+
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
20
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
36
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
544.00 K  
99+
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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