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Holmium Polonium Comparison


Polonium Holmium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Ho   
Po   

Group Number
Not Available   
16   
2

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
f block   
p block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   

CAS Number
7440600   
29
7440086   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Pm-3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
221.00   
3

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   

Discovery
In 1878   
In 1898   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
Not Available   

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
38
Not Available   

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  

Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Highly Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
No   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37

In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,461.00 °C   
30
254.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C   
99+
962.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silver   

Luster
Metallic   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa   
13
Not Available   

Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa   
23
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s   
30
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
Yes   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ho   
Po   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
34   
5
29   
10

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.23   
37
2.00   
7

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10   
30
1.76   
2

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.48   
1

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.19   
2

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.77   
17
2.00   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol   
99+
812.10 kJ/mol   
14

2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol   
34
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr   
29
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
67   
99+
84   
32

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Monoclinic (MON)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
67   
99+
84   
32

Number of Neutrons
98   
34
125   
19

Number of Electrons
67   
99+
84   
32

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
168.00 pm   
23

Covalent Radius
192.00 pm   
17
140.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
197.00 pm   
29

Atomic Weight
164.93 amu   
99+
209.00 amu   
28

Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol   
24
22.23 cm3/mol   
13

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Dysprosium
  
Bismuth
  

Next Element
Erbium
  
Francium
  

Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)   
31
Not Available   

Lattice Constant
357.73 pm   
38
335.90 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3   
99+
9.20 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3   
26
9.40 g/cm3   
19

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
16
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa   
28
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa   
32
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa   
31
Not Available   

Poisson Ratio
0.23   
29
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
8.80   
35
9.32   
31

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m   
4
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
183.30 kJ/mol   
3

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40

Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K   
19
26.40 J/mol·K   
28

Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K   
99+
20.00 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)   
35
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol   
38
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol   
29
13.00 kJ/mol   
26

Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol   
36
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K   
8
Not Available   

Summary >>
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