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Indium Hafnium Comparison

Indium
Hafnium
Hafnium Indium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
In   
Hf   
Group Number
13   
5
4   
14
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440746   
17
7440586   
30
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
By-product Zirconium Refining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy   
Discovery
In 1863   
In 1922   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %   
28
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
27
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C   
99+
2,150.00 °C   
10
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C   
99+
5,400.00 °C   
5
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa   
99+
1,450.00 MPa   
6
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,520.00 MPa   
5
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
3,010.00 m/s   
27
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In   
Hf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78   
16
1.30   
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14   
8
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49   
13
1.23   
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76   
10
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.66   
18
1.16   
37
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22   
38
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
3,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV   
24
3.90 eV   
27
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49   
99+
72   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49   
99+
72   
99+
Number of Neutrons
66   
99+
106   
29
Number of Electrons
49   
99+
72   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm   
24
159.00 pm   
28
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
175.00 pm   
23
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm   
31
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu   
99+
178.49 amu   
39
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
13.60 cm3/mol   
38
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Lutetium
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Tantalum
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)   
25
81.00 (-eV)   
16
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm   
99+
319.64 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
12
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
13.31 g/cm3   
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3   
33
12.00 g/cm3   
12
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa   
21
445.00 MPa   
8
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
11
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
30.00 GPa   
23
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
78.00 GPa   
25
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
13.31   
18
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
331.00 nΩ·m   
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
0.03 106/cm Ω   
39
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
25.73 J/mol·K   
36
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K   
21
23.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
5.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
661.10 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
25.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
703.00 kJ/mol   
5
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
43.60 J/mol.K   
34
Summary >>
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