Iridium Cadmium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir
Cd
Group Number
9
9
12
6
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439885
99+
7440439
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
- Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Discovery
In 1803
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0000006 %
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
29
0.00 %
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
- Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
24
In Bone
Not Available
1.80 p.p.m.
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C
7
320.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C
10
765.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
2.00
16
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
5
203.00 MPa
39
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa
3
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s
13
2,310.00 m/s
39
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
78.00 %
6
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir
Cd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.69
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
1.46
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.53
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.68
17
1.52
27
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.31
37
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol
9
867.80 kJ/mol
11
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
35
1,631.40 kJ/mol
32
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
3,616.00 kJ/mol
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr
27
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV
13
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77
39
48
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
74
99+
48
99+
Number of Neutrons
110
27
64
99+
Number of Electrons
74
99+
48
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm
99+
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
158.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu
34
112.41 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol
99+
13.10 cm3/mol
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)
5
30.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm
26
297.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.89
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3
10
8.65 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3
3
8.00 g/cm3
28
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa
2
62.00 MPa
16
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
25
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa
2
19.00 GPa
35
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa
3
42.00 GPa
29
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa
1
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
0.26
22
0.30
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.78
3
8.65
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m
99+
72.70 nΩ·m
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω
10
0.14 106/cm Ω
15
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol
4
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.23 J/(kg K)
26
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
26.02 J/mol·K
32
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K
10
96.60 W/m·K
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
30.80 µm/(m·K)
10
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol
1
100.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol
1
6.19 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol
1
113.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K
99+
51.80 J/mol.K
27
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