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Iridium vs Cadmium

Iridium
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Iridium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir  
Cd  
Group Number
9  
9
12  
6
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439885  
99+
7440439  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1817  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
12
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
24
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1.80 p.p.m.  
16
Physical
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C  
7
320.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C  
10
765.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
2.00  
17
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa  
5
203.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa  
8
90.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s  
17
2,310.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.71  
26
Reflectivity
78.00 %  
8
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ir  
Cd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.69  
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55  
12
1.46  
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.53  
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.68  
20
1.52  
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.31  
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
1,631.40 kJ/mol  
33
3rd Energy Level
2,256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
3,616.00 kJ/mol  
13
4th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
99+
867.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
8
4,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
25
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
28
7th Energy level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
8th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
9th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
10th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
23
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
25
11th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
12th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
40
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
13th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
17
14th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
15
15th Energy Level
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
16th Energy Level
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
17th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
26
864.90 kJ/mol  
28
18th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
17
19th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
24
867.80 kJ/mol  
26
20th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
865.00 kJ/mol  
16
21st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
37
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
10
22nd Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
12
864.00 kJ/mol  
14
23rd Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
7
864.90 kJ/mol  
40
24th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
864.90 kJ/mol  
10
25th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
26th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
27th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
28th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
864.90 kJ/mol  
11
29th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
864.90 kJ/mol  
12
30th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr  
31
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
77  
39
48  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
48  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
64  
99+
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
48  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm  
34
158.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu  
34
112.41 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Osmium
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Platinum
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
30.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm  
29
297.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
1.89  
2
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3  
10
8.65 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3  
13
8.00 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa  
2
62.00 MPa  
34
Viscosity
0.00  
21
0.00  
13
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa  
2
19.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa  
3
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.78  
12
8.65  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
5
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m  
99+
72.70 nΩ·m  
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.14 106/cm Ω  
17
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol  
4
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.23 J/(kg K)  
26
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
26.02 J/mol·K  
40
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K  
10
96.60 W/m·K  
16
Critical Temperature
2,719.00 K  
8
594.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
30.80 µm/(m·K)  
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
6.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K  
99+
51.80 J/mol.K  
38
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