Iridium Rubidium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir
Rb
Group Number
9
9
1
17
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkali
CAS Number
7439885
99+
7440177
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
- Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Obtained from Lithium Production.
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Discovery
In 1803
In 1861
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.000003 %
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
29
0.00 %
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
18
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
7
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3
7
In Bone
Not Available
5.00 p.p.m.
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C
7
38.89 °C
99+
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C
10
688.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Grayish White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
0.30
24
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
5
0.22 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa
3
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s
13
1,300.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
78.00 %
6
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir
Rb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
0.82
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.31
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
0.89
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.69
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.68
17
0.71
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
3.18
3
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol
9
403.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
35
2,633.00 kJ/mol
6
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
3,860.00 kJ/mol
11
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,080.00 kJ/mol
18
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,850.00 kJ/mol
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,140.00 kJ/mol
20
7th Energy level
Not Available
9,570.00 kJ/mol
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available
13,120.00 kJ/mol
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available
14,500.00 kJ/mol
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available
26,740.00 kJ/mol
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr
14
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV
13
2.16 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77
39
37
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
[Kr] 5s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
74
99+
37
99+
Number of Neutrons
110
27
48
99+
Number of Electrons
74
99+
37
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm
99+
248.00 pm
2
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
220.00 pm
4
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
303.00 pm
3
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu
34
85.47 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol
99+
55.90 cm3/mol
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)
5
9.47 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm
26
558.50 pm
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3
10
1.53 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3
3
1.46 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa
2
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
25
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa
2
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa
3
2.50 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa
1
2.40 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26
22
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.78
3
1.53
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m
99+
128.00 nΩ·m
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω
10
0.08 106/cm Ω
24
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol
4
46.90 kJ/mol
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.36 J/(kg K)
17
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
31.06 J/mol·K
5
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K
10
58.20 W/m·K
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available
2,093.00 K
4
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
90.00 µm/(m·K)
2
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol
1
69.20 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol
1
2.19 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol
1
82.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K
99+
76.80 J/mol.K
5
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