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Iridium vs Thorium

Iridium
Thorium
Thorium vs Iridium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir   
Th   
Group Number
9   
9
0   
18
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7439885   
99+
7440326   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Jöns Jakob Berzelius   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1829   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
29
0.05 %   
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.66 %   
7
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
33
In Bone
Not Available   
0.02 p.p.m.   
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C   
7
1,750.00 °C   
17
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C   
10
4,790.00 °C   
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
5
390.00 MPa   
29
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa   
3
295.00 MPa   
29
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s   
13
2,490.00 m/s   
36
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
78.00 %   
6
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir   
Th   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
28   
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.11   
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.68   
17
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol   
9
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
35
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV   
13
3.41 eV   
32
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77   
39
90   
28
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2   
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74   
99+
90   
28
Number of Neutrons
110   
27
142   
15
Number of Electrons
74   
99+
90   
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
179.80 pm   
15
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
206.00 pm   
7
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
237.00 pm   
15
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu   
34
232.04 amu   
23
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Osmium
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Platinum
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)   
5
59.30 (-eV)   
23
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm   
26
508.42 pm   
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3   
10
11.72 g/cm3   
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3   
3
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa   
2
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
25
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa   
2
31.00 GPa   
21
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa   
3
54.00 GPa   
22
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa   
1
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
22
0.27   
20
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.78   
3
11.70   
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m   
99+
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K   
10
54.00 W/m·K   
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K   
99+
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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