Iridium vs Thorium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir
Th
Group Number
9
9
0
18
Period Number
6
7
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
CAS Number
7439885
99+
7440326
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
- Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
In 1803
In 1829
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
29
0.05 %
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.66 %
7
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
- compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
33
In Bone
Not Available
0.02 p.p.m.
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C
7
1,750.00 °C
17
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C
10
4,790.00 °C
8
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
5
390.00 MPa
29
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa
3
295.00 MPa
29
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s
13
2,490.00 m/s
36
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
78.00 %
6
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir
Th
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
28
11
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
1.11
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.68
17
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol
9
587.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
35
1,110.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
1,978.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
2,780.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr
99+
2.16 g/amp-hr
24
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV
13
3.41 eV
32
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77
39
90
28
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
74
99+
90
28
Number of Neutrons
110
27
142
15
Number of Electrons
74
99+
90
28
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm
99+
179.80 pm
15
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
206.00 pm
7
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
237.00 pm
15
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu
34
232.04 amu
23
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol
99+
19.90 cm3/mol
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)
5
59.30 (-eV)
23
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm
26
508.42 pm
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3
10
11.72 g/cm3
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3
3
Not Available
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa
2
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
25
0.00 (Pa)
22
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa
2
31.00 GPa
21
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa
3
54.00 GPa
22
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa
1
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
0.26
22
0.27
20
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.78
3
11.70
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m
99+
157.00 nΩ·m
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω
10
0.07 106/cm Ω
31
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
26.23 J/mol·K
30
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K
10
54.00 W/m·K
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)
36
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol
1
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol
1
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol
1
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K
99+
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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