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Iron Rubidium Comparison


Rubidium Iron comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Fe   
Rb   

Group Number
8   
10
1   
17

Period Number
4   
5   

Block
d block   
s block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkali   

CAS Number
7439896   
99+
7440177   
99+

Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Unknown   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   

Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
In 1861   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
1.1 * 10-1 %   
1
1 * 10-6 %   
16

Abundance In Sun
~0.1 %   
1
~0.000003 %   
17

Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %   
1
0.00 %   
19

Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %   
2
0.01 %   
18

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
12
0.00 %   
7

Abundance In Humans
0.01 %   
5
0.00 %   
7

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   

Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Research Purposes   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
3
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7

In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.   
5
5.00 p.p.m.   
13

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,535.00 °C   
25
38.89 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C   
37
688.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Gray   
Grayish White   

Luster
Metallic   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
4.00   
10
0.30   
24

Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa   
40
0.22 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa   
18
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s   
8
1,300.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
65.00 %   
12
Not Available   

Allotropes
Yes   
No   

α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
beta Iron   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
gamma Iron   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Fe   
Rb   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
26   
13
29   
10

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.83   
14
0.82   
99+

Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
0.31   
32

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.64   
8
0.89   
40

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.69   
24

Allen Electronegativity
1.80   
12
0.71   
99+

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.17   
40
3.18   
3

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol   
17
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol   
36
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6

3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol   
29
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11

4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol   
16
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18

5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol   
16
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19

6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol   
14
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20

7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol   
15
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20

8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol   
14
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17

9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol   
5
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18

10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol   
8
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6

11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   

12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   

13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   

14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   

15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   

16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   

19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   

21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   

22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14

Electron Work Function
4.70 eV   
10
2.16 eV   
99+

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
26   
99+
37   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2   
[Kr] 5s1   

Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
26   
99+
37   
99+

Number of Neutrons
30   
99+
48   
99+

Number of Electrons
26   
99+
37   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
126.00 pm   
99+
248.00 pm   
2

Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
220.00 pm   
4

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
303.00 pm   
3

Atomic Weight
55.85 amu   
99+
85.47 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
55.90 cm3/mol   
2

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Manganese
  
Gallium
  

Next Element
Cobalt
  
Strontium
  

Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)   
20
9.47 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
286.65 pm   
99+
558.50 pm   
10

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3   
99+
1.53 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3   
35
1.46 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa   
1
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)   
5
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa   
11
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa   
10
2.50 GPa   
99+

Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa   
9
2.40 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.29   
15
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Ductile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
7.20   
99+
1.53   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Permeability
6.3 * 10-3 H/m   
1
Not Available   

Susceptibility
2,00,000.00   
1
Not Available   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m   
32
128.00 nΩ·m   
26

Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
20
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24

Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol   
34
46.90 kJ/mol   
24

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17

Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
31.06 J/mol·K   
5

Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K   
22
58.20 W/m·K   
26

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,093.00 K   
4

Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol   
23
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol   
22
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol   
19
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
76.80 J/mol.K   
5

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