Symbol
Fe
  
Rb
  
Period Number
4
  
5
  
Block
d block
  
s block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Alkali
  
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
  
Im_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
  
Obtained from Lithium Production.
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown
  
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
  
In 1861
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1.1 * 10-1 %
  
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %
  
17
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
NA
  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
  
Alloys, Research Purposes
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
3
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3
  
7
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.
  
5
5.00 p.p.m.
  
13
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C
  
25
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C
  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Gray
  
Grayish White
  
Luster
Metallic
  
NA
  
Hardness
  
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s
  
8
1,300.00 m/s
  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
Yes
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
beta Iron
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Fe
  
Rb
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol
  
17
403.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol
  
36
2,633.00 kJ/mol
  
6
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol
  
29
3,860.00 kJ/mol
  
11
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol
  
16
5,080.00 kJ/mol
  
18
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol
  
16
6,850.00 kJ/mol
  
19
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol
  
14
8,140.00 kJ/mol
  
20
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol
  
15
9,570.00 kJ/mol
  
20
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol
  
14
13,120.00 kJ/mol
  
17
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol
  
5
14,500.00 kJ/mol
  
18
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol
  
8
26,740.00 kJ/mol
  
6
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol
  
9
Not Available
  
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol
  
9
Not Available
  
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol
  
9
Not Available
  
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol
  
11
Not Available
  
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol
  
11
Not Available
  
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol
  
13
Not Available
  
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Not Available
  
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol
  
2
Not Available
  
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol
  
3
Not Available
  
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol
  
5
Not Available
  
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol
  
5
Not Available
  
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr
  
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr
  
14
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
  
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
  
[Kr] 5s1
  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
  
99+
55.90 cm3/mol
  
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)
  
20
9.47 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3
  
99+
1.53 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa
  
1
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
  
Ductile
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Permeability
6.3 * 10
-3 H/m
  
1
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m
  
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
  
20
0.08 106/cm Ω
  
24
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol
  
34
46.90 kJ/mol
  
24
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)
  
13
0.36 J/(kg K)
  
17
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
  
99+
31.06 J/mol·K
  
5
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K
  
22
58.20 W/m·K
  
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)
  
33
90.00 µm/(m·K)
  
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol
  
23
69.20 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol
  
22
2.19 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol
  
19
82.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
  
99+
76.80 J/mol.K
  
5