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Rubidium vs Zinc

Rubidium
Zinc
Zinc vs Rubidium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb   
Zn   
Group Number
1   
17
12   
6
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440177   
99+
7440666   
24
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Indian metallurgists   
Discovery
In 1861   
Before 1000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
3 * 10-5 %   
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %   
17
~0.0002 %   
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
19
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
18
0.01 %   
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
7
0.00 %   
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
7
0.00 %   
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
38.89 °C   
99+
419.58 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
688.00 °C   
99+
907.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Grayish White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.30   
24
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa   
99+
327.00 MPa   
32
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
3,850.00 m/s   
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
2
Reflectivity
Not Available   
80.00 %   
5
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rb   
Zn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82   
99+
1.65   
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31   
32
2.23   
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89   
40
1.66   
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69   
24
1.65   
11
Allen Electronegativity
0.71   
99+
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18   
3
2.35   
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV   
99+
4.33 eV   
17
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
37   
99+
30   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
37   
99+
30   
99+
Number of Neutrons
48   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
37   
99+
30   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm   
2
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm   
4
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm   
3
139.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu   
99+
65.38 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gallium
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Strontium
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm   
10
266.49 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
6.57 g/cm3   
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
43.00 GPa   
18
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa   
99+
70.00 GPa   
19
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa   
99+
108.00 GPa   
19
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.25   
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.53   
99+
6.90   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K   
26
116.00 W/m·K   
14
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K   
4
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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