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Rubidium vs Titanium

Rubidium
Titanium
Titanium vs Rubidium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb  
Ti  
Group Number
1  
17
4  
14
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440177  
99+
7440326  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
  • The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
  • Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius  
Discovery
In 1861  
In 1791  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
19
0.05 %  
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
18
0.66 %  
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
8
0.57 %  
2
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
  • Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
  • Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3  
7
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
16
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.  
13
0.60 p.p.m.  
21
Physical
Melting Point
38.89 °C  
99+
1,660.00 °C  
18
Boiling Point
688.00 °C  
99+
3,287.00 °C  
23
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery Gray-White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.30  
26
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa  
99+
716.00 MPa  
16
Vickers Hardness
0.22 MPa  
99+
830.00 MPa  
21
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s  
99+
5,090.00 m/s  
13
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.54  
35
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
52.00 %  
29
56.00 %  
26
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rb  
Ti  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
23  
16
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82  
99+
1.54  
27
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31  
99+
1.09  
39
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.32  
24
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69  
99+
1.54  
24
Allen Electronegativity
0.71  
99+
1.38  
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18  
3
2.46  
28
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
39
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol  
6
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol  
11
2,652.50 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol  
28
4,174.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol  
31
9,581.00 kJ/mol  
5
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol  
31
11,533.00 kJ/mol  
8
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol  
20
13,590.00 kJ/mol  
6
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol  
17
16,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol  
18
18,530.00 kJ/mol  
11
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol  
6
20,833.00 kJ/mol  
15
11th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,575.00 kJ/mol  
14
12th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,125.00 kJ/mol  
37
13th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
76,015.00 kJ/mol  
1
14th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
83,280.00 kJ/mol  
2
15th Energy Level
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
90,880.00 kJ/mol  
4
16th Energy Level
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
17th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
109,100.00 kJ/mol  
5
18th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
117,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
19th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
129,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
20th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
137,530.00 kJ/mol  
9
21st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
23rd Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
30
25th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
32
26th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
31
27th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
32
28th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
37
29th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
38
30th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
34
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr  
16
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV  
99+
4.33 eV  
24
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
37  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
37  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
48  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
37  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm  
3
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm  
4
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm  
4
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol  
3
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gallium
  
Scandium
  
Next Element
Strontium
  
Vanadium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)  
99+
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm  
11
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
28
1.59  
30
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3  
99+
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3  
99+
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
30.00 MPa  
99+
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
35
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.50 GPa  
99+
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa  
99+
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa  
99+
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.53  
99+
4.51  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m  
26
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
29
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol  
29
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)  
17
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K  
7
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K  
26
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K  
18
1,941.00 K  
21
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)  
2
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol  
99+
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol  
99+
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K  
5
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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