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Titanium vs Rubidium

Titanium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Titanium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ti   
Rb   
Group Number
4   
14
1   
17
Period Number
4   
5   
Block
d block   
s block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440326   
99+
7440177   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
  • Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Discovery
In 1791   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~0.000003 %   
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %   
11
0.00 %   
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %   
7
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
7
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
  • Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
16
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
In Bone
Not Available   
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,660.00 °C   
18
38.89 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,287.00 °C   
22
688.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray-White   
Grayish White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
0.30   
24
Brinell Hardness
716.00 MPa   
15
0.22 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
830.00 MPa   
14
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s   
9
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ti   
Rb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
23   
16
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.54   
26
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.09   
20
0.31   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.32   
23
0.89   
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.69   
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.38   
32
0.71   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.46   
28
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol   
39
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
3rd Energy Level
2,652.50 kJ/mol   
99+
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
4th Energy Level
4,174.60 kJ/mol   
32
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5th Energy Level
9,581.00 kJ/mol   
5
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
6th Energy Level
11,533.00 kJ/mol   
6
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
7th Energy level
13,590.00 kJ/mol   
6
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
8th Energy Level
16,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
9th Energy Level
18,530.00 kJ/mol   
11
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
10th Energy Level
20,833.00 kJ/mol   
15
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
11th Energy Level
25,575.00 kJ/mol   
14
Not Available   
12th Energy Level
28,125.00 kJ/mol   
14
Not Available   
13th Energy Level
76,015.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
14th Energy Level
83,280.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
15th Energy Level
90,880.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
16th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
17th Energy Level
109,100.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
18th Energy Level
117,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
19th Energy Level
129,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   
20th Energy Level
137,530.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV   
17
2.16 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
22   
99+
37   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
[Kr] 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22   
99+
37   
99+
Number of Neutrons
26   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Electrons
22   
99+
37   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm   
34
248.00 pm   
2
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm   
30
220.00 pm   
4
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
303.00 pm   
3
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
85.47 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Scandium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Vanadium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)   
10
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm   
99+
558.50 pm   
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa   
9
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa   
17
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa   
15
2.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa   
18
2.40 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.32   
12
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.51   
99+
1.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,093.00 K   
4
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
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