Iron vs Bismuth
Periodic Table
Symbol
Fe
Bi
Group Number
8
10
15
3
Period Number
4
6
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7439896
99+
7440699
22
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
C12/m1
Space Group Number
229.00
1
12.00
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
In 1753
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
7 * 10-8 %
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.1 %
1
~0.000006 %
14
Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %
1
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %
2
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
12
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Humans
0.01 %
5
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.
5
0.20 p.p.m.
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C
25
271.30 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C
37
1,560.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.00
10
2.25
15
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa
40
70.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa
18
Not Available
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s
8
1,790.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
65.00 %
12
Not Available
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
Not Available
β Allotropes
beta Iron
Not Available
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fe
Bi
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.83
14
2.02
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
2.34
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.64
8
1.67
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.15
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.80
12
2.01
4
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.17
40
1.98
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol
17
703.00 kJ/mol
35
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
Not Available
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV
10
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
26
99+
83
33
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
26
99+
83
33
Number of Neutrons
30
99+
126
18
Number of Electrons
26
99+
83
33
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm
99+
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
148.00 pm
36
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
207.00 pm
26
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu
99+
208.98 amu
29
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
21.30 cm3/mol
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)
20
41.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm
99+
667.40 pm
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3
99+
9.78 g/cm3
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3
35
10.05 g/cm3
18
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa
1
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)
5
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa
11
12.00 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa
10
31.00 GPa
38
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa
9
32.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.33
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.20
99+
9.79
30
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
0.00 H/m
6
Susceptibility
2,00,000.00
1
0.00
6
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m
32
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol
34
91.20 kJ/mol
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K
22
7.97 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol
23
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol
22
10.90 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol
19
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
56.70 J/mol.K
24
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