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Lanthanum vs Praseodymium

Lanthanum
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Lanthanum


Periodic Table
Symbol
La  
Pr  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7439910  
99+
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
-  
Discovery
In 1838  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
32
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
32
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.  
29
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
920.00 °C  
99+
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C  
19
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Grayish White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa  
36
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s  
99+
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.80  
22
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
La  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.10  
38
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08  
32
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90  
10
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol  
32
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
53,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
53,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
25
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV  
99+
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
57  
99+
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
57  
99+
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
57  
99+
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm  
10
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm  
6
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm  
17
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu  
99+
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol  
26
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Barium
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Cerium
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)  
99+
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm  
31
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
16
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3  
99+
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
45.00 MPa  
40
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
15
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa  
99+
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa  
99+
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa  
99+
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.17  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
25
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m  
7
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol  
28
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
27
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K  
99+
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,193.00 K  
99+
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol  
24
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol  
99+
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol  
21
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K  
31
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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