Lead Radium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb
Ra
Group Number
14
4
2
16
Period Number
6
7
Block
p block
s block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7439921
99+
7440144
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Not Available
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
18
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
23
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
8
0.00 %
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
- It is used in luminous paints.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
11
Not Available
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.
10
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C
99+
700.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C
99+
1,737.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb
Ra
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87
13
0.90
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29
4
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
0.97
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41
2
0.92
20
Allen Electronegativity
1.85
8
0.89
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67
99+
3.10
5
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
31
509.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol
99+
979.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol
23
Not Available
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol
35
Not Available
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol
20
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr
9
4.22 g/amp-hr
6
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV
21
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82
34
88
30
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
[Rn] 7s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
82
34
88
30
Number of Neutrons
125
19
138
16
Number of Electrons
82
34
88
30
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm
19
Not Available
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm
38
221.00 pm
3
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
283.00 pm
4
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu
30
226.00 amu
26
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol
27
45.20 cm3/mol
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)
99+
20.10 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm
16
514.80 pm
13
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3
33
5.50 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3
15
Not Available
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa
20
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)
7
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa
24
Not Available
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.44
3
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
11.35
25
5.00
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
NA
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m
16
100.00 nΩ·m
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
36
Not Available
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol
28
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K
26
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K
38
18.60 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)
13
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol
99+
163.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K
17
71.00 J/mol.K
14
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