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Radium vs Gallium

Radium
Gallium
Gallium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra   
Ga   
Group Number
2   
16
13   
5
Period Number
7   
4   
Block
s block   
p block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440144   
99+
7440553   
32
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Cmca   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
64.00   
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1875   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
20
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C   
99+
29.78 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C   
99+
2,403.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
56.80 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,740.00 m/s   
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra   
Ga   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
24   
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90   
99+
1.81   
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.42   
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.82   
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92   
20
2.01   
5
Allen Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
1.76   
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10   
5
2.19   
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol   
99+
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr   
6
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.20 eV   
23
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88   
30
31   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88   
30
31   
99+
Number of Neutrons
138   
16
39   
99+
Number of Electrons
88   
30
31   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
135.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm   
3
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm   
4
187.00 pm   
32
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu   
26
69.72 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol   
4
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Zinc
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Rubidium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)   
99+
69.70 (-eV)   
19
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm   
13
451.97 pm   
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
15
Elasticity properties
  
  
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
9.80 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.47   
1
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00   
99+
5.91   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m   
31
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K   
99+
40.60 W/m·K   
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol   
99+
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K   
14
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
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