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Lead vs Tin

Lead
Tin
Tin vs Lead


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb   
Sn   
Group Number
14   
4
14   
4
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
p block   
p block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7439921   
99+
7440315   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
I41/amd   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
141.00   
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
Before 3500 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
4 * 10-7 %   
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
23
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C   
99+
231.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C   
99+
2,270.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa   
99+
50.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
2,730.00 m/s   
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb   
Sn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87   
13
1.96   
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29   
4
1.49   
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.72   
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41   
2
2.21   
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.85   
8
1.82   
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67   
99+
2.04   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV   
21
4.42 eV   
16
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82   
34
50   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82   
34
50   
99+
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
69   
99+
Number of Electrons
82   
34
50   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm   
19
140.00 pm   
38
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
217.00 pm   
23
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu   
30
118.71 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
83.50 (-eV)   
14
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm   
16
583.18 pm   
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3   
33
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3   
15
6.99 g/cm3   
34
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa   
20
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)   
7
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa   
99+
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa   
24
58.00 GPa   
20
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa   
99+
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
0.44   
3
0.36   
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35   
25
7.31   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K   
38
66.80 W/m·K   
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
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