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Tin vs Lead

Tin
Lead
Lead vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Pb  
Group Number
14  
4
14  
4
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7439921  
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
141.00  
10
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
-  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
Physical
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
327.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
1,740.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
38.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
38.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
2.02  
14
Reflectivity
51.00 %  
30
5.00 %  
39
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
-  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
-  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Pb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
9
1.87  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
19
2.29  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
5
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
5
2.41  
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
14
1.85  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
1.67  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
6th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
8th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
9th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
10th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
11th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
12th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
14th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
16th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
17th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
18th Energy Level
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
19th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
20th Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
21st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
23rd Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
25th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
26th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
27th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
28th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
29th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
30th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
22
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
50  
99+
82  
34
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
82  
34
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
82  
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
40
175.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
29
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
207.20 amu  
30
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
495.08 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.68  
99+
1.51  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
11.34 g/cm3  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
10.66 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
12.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
15
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
18
1.64 (Pa)  
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
5.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
21
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
16.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
11.35  
38
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
35.30 W/m·K  
39
Critical Temperature
505.00 K  
99+
600.61 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
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